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81.
Distributions of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the surface sediments from two sites of the Kuala Gula Bird Sanctuary, Malaysia were monitored for a period of 6 months from October 2006 to March 2007. In December 2006, the concentration of Zn in one location was significantly (p?0.05) higher (3.9?±?1.3?mg?kg?1) than the other metals at both sites, but in the oxidizable organic fraction it was highest at both sites during October; with mean concentrations of 18?mg?kg?1 at both locations. In the acid-reducible fraction, high concentrations of Pb (2.3?mg?kg?1) were detected at station 2 in February 2007, being highest among all four metals at both stations. The acid-reducible fraction found in Pb ranged from 0.10% to 3.1% in both stations. Percentages ranging from 51% to 96% were observed for all four metals in the resistant fraction throughout the sampling period. These results indicate low contributions from anthropogenic sources. The findings constitute a baseline data archive for future reference. 相似文献
82.
The rapid decline of the wild Milky Stork population in Malaysia has led to the reintroduction of the captive bred species in Kuala Gula, Perak. The area is known as an important migratory stopover and sanctuary for both visitors and resident birds. Although Kuala Gula and its adjacent areas are regarded as pristine and unpolluted, recent study suggested that accumulation of certain pollutants is occurring in the aquatic environment of the area. Surface sediment samples from five foraging areas considered important to the reintroduced Milky Storks have been analyzed for metals contamination. The results show that elevations of Cu, Zn, and Pb ranging from 9.7 to 57 mg kg?1, 71 to 120 mg kg?1, and 28 to 47 mg kg?1 have occurred, except for Cd (0.9–1.7 mg kg?1). The accumulation of these metals is site-specific which reflects continuous anthropogenic inputs into the aquatic environment of Kuala Gula. In addition, metal levels in some areas have exceeded the effects range low values, and thus urgent action is needed to ensure good practice and sustainable management of Kuala Gula by responsible parties. 相似文献
83.
Sabzar Ahmad Dar Abdul Rehman Yousuf Masood-ul-Hassan Balkhi Md Niamat Ali 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):906-916
Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of crucian carp, upon chronic exposure to endosulfan, were evaluated in vivo. The lethal concentration (LC50–96?h) was 70 μg L?1; on its basis, the fish were exposed to endosulfan at 20, 35, and 50 μg L?1 and autopsy was done on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Lipid peroxidation was induced in a concentration-dependent manner, being highest at 50 μg L?1 (3/4 LC50–96 h, sub-lethal concentration-I, SL-I) on day 4 (720% versus control), followed in its extent (490%) at 30 μg L?1 (1/2 LC50–96 h, sub-lethal concentration-II, SL-II) on day 7 and lowest (260%) at 10 μg L?1 (1/4 LC50–96 h, sub-lethal concentration-III, SL-III) on day 14. Glutathione showed a concentration- and time-dependent elevation in the initial phase, with highest level on day 4 (180%) at SL-I, but showed significant reduction in all test concentrations from day 21 of post-exposure. Superoxide dismutase was decreased significantly throughout the study, with highest reduction (63%) on day 4 at SL-I; catalase increased in all test concentrations up to day 14 but showed a significant decrease from the day 28 of post-exposure. The potential role of these parameters as indicators of pesticide pollution in aquatic systems is discussed. 相似文献
84.
Effluents collected from tanneries in Sialkot showed considerably higher levels of heavy metals. Sodium (12 660.91 mg/L) among macronutrients and Cr (592.20 mg/L) among heavy metals were found in the highest concentrations. Effluent parameters, i.e. biological oxygen demand (BOD; 12.40), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 16.53), Cd (5.90), Cr (592.20) and Fe (18.59) were the respective times higher than Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards and their continuous unchecked discharge into agricultural soils poses a potential risk. Mean concentrations (mg/L) of Cr (592.20), Ni (2.66), Mn (1.16), Fe (37.17), Zn (0.90), Cd (0.59) and Pb (1.18) in this study exceeded levels recorded to date from different tanning hubs in Pakistan. Factor analysis/principal components analysis (FA/PCA) for the effluent parameters resulted in six varimax factors, i.e. VF1 (salinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, phosphate, BOD and COD; including characteristic tannery effluent features), VF2 (pH, Cr and alkalinity; tanning operations), VF3 (Cd and Pb; dyeing processes), VF4 (Mn and Fe; finishing operations), VF5 (Ni; retaining processes) and VF6 (hardness, Ca and Cu; bating processes). Cluster analysis performed on metal data resulted in three clusters confirming metal–metal relations obtained either from FA/PCA or a correlation matrix. The results of this study are useful for heavy metal source apportionment, assessment of risk to peripheral soils and the future management of environments around tanneries. 相似文献
85.
Abdul Ghaffar Masaaki Tabata Farhana Mazher Azhar Mashiatullah 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(2):171-176
This article reports high dechlorination of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) under mild conditions. PCBs are priority
pollutants acting as endocrine disruptors, human carcinogens and environmental estrogens. Previous remediation methods involving
high temperature and pressure have drawbacks such as high cost, de novo dioxins synthesis and difficult recovery of vaporized
PCBs. On the other hand, dechlorination methods using mild conditions show the problem of catalyst deactivation. Here, activated
carbon was used for the first time as catalyst to dechlorinate 2,4,5 trichlorobiphenyl. High dechlorination, of 87%, was achieved
under mild conditions. 2,4,5 trichlorobiphenyl was treated at 40–150°C with calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sulfur
in mixed water and organic solvents. Dechlorination products were biphenyl, orthohydroxy biphenyls, 2,4 dihydroxy biphenyls
and biphenyl-2-thiol. Dichlorobiphenyl and orthochlorobiphenyls were found in trace quantities. We found that carbon particles
catalysed dechlorination by substitution reactions and suppressed further chlorination. Dechlorination at biphenyl ortho position
was preceded by substitution reaction by hydroxyl and thiol ions. Moreover, in the absence of carbon, dechlorination was lower
and substituted products were not observed. These findings may be applied at industrial scale to remediate PCB-contaminated
waste. 相似文献
86.
S. M. Sharifuzzaman M. Shahadat Hossain Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury Subrata Sarker M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury M. Zahedur Rahman Chowdhury 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(6):1167-1176
Resilience has been conceptualized in various ways by anthropologists, ecologists, systems scientists and engineers; the boundaries of resilience are subjective and context dependent. Consequently, choosing the standards and metrics for assessing resilience remains key challenges for policy makers. In this study, using multicriteria evaluation of 40 basic criteria of human, physical, financial, natural and social assets, we have identified several elements, such as experienced fishermen, natural abundance of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), ability to assert decision on fish selling, nets and boats ownership, social harmony and capacity of buying food as essential livelihood assets for the fishermen at Hatiya Island, Bangladesh. These assets may enhance the relative resilience of the fishing community of the island to climate change by as much as 20–40%. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the elements that lead to resilience at the community level. 相似文献
87.
Rahman MM Chand MM Koddus A Rahman MM Zaman MA Voigt G 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(4):658-664
Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of radiocobalt (60Co) were determined in pot experiments for leafy vegetation, root crops and rice grown in the tropical environment of Bangladesh. Soil properties were also measured to establish a relationship between these properties and TF values. Measured TF values of 60Co for leafy vegetation (average of 2.2 x 10(-2)) were slightly higher than the values obtained for root vegetation (average of 1.6 x 10(-2)). However, TF values obtained for rice (average of 1.17 x 10(-2)) were about a factor of 2 lower than the values obtained for leafy vegetation. TF values of 60Co for leafy vegetation and root crops were observed to decrease with increasing pH, exchangeable K+ and clay content in the soil, even though poor correlations were estimated statistically. No consistent relationship between the TF value for 60Co and organic matter content could be deduced. The results presented here provide a useful addition to existing databases on soil-plant transfer for 60Co, since this information is still rather sparse for tropical environments. 相似文献
88.
Uddin KM Juraimi AS Ismail MR Othman R Rahim AA 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(3):309-312
Fresh water, coupled with soil salinization in many areas has resulted in an increased need forscreening of salt tolerant turf grasses. Relative salinity tolerance of eightwarm season turfgrass species were examined in this study in sand culture. Grasses were grown in a glasshouse, irrigated with either distilled water or saline sea water adjusted to 24, 48 or 72 dSm-1. Salt tolerances of the grasses were assessed on the basis of their shoot and root growth, leaf firing and turf quality. Regression analysis indicated that Zoysiajaponica (Japanese lawn grass) (JG), Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine) (SA), Cynodon dactylon (satiri) (BS), Zoysia teneuifolia (Korean grass) (KG), Digitaria didactyla (Serangoon grass) (SG), Cynodon dactylon (Tifdwarf) (TD), Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) (BG) and Axonopus compressus(Pearl blue) (PB) suffered a 50% shoot growth reduction at 36.0, 31.8, 30.9, 28.4, 26.4, 25.7, 20.0 and 18.6 dSm1 of salinity, respectively and a root growth reduction at44.9, 43.7, 33.4, 31.0, 29.5 27.5, 21.5 and 21.4 dSm- of salinity, respectively. Leaf firing and turf quality of the selected species, as a whole, were also found to be affected harmoniously with the change in root and shoot growth. On the basis of the experimental results the selected species were ranked for salinity tolerance as JG>SA>BS>KG>SG >TD>BG>PB. 相似文献
89.
Groundwater modeling of Saq Aquifer Buraydah Al Qassim for better water management strategies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ibrahim S. Al-Salamah Yousry M. Ghazaw Abdul Razzaq Ghumman 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):851-860
Saudi Arabia is an arid country. It has limited water supplies. About 80?C90% of water supplies come from groundwater, which is depleting day by day. It needs appropriate management. This paper has investigated groundwater modeling of Saq Aquifer in Buraydah Al Qassim to estimate the impact of its excessive use on depletion of Saq Aquifer. MODFLOW model has been used in this study. Data regarding the aquifer parameters was measured by pumping tests. Groundwater levels and discharge of wells in the area for the year 2008 and previous record of year 1999 have been collected from Municipal Authority of Buraydah. Location of wells was determined by Garmin. The model has been run for different sets of pumping rates to recommend an optimal use of groundwater resources and get prolonged life of aquifer. Simulations have been made for a long future period of 27?years (2008?C2035). Model results concluded that pumping from the Saq Aquifer in Buraydah area will result into significant cones of depression if the existing excessive pumping rates prevail. A drawdown up to 28?m was encountered for model run for 27?years for existing rates of pumping. Aquifer withdrawals and drawdowns will be optimal with the conservation alternative. The management scheme has been recommended to be adopted for the future protection of groundwater resources in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
90.
Desalination is the only means of reliable water supply in most of the Arabian Gulf States including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Huge desalination capacities are installed on the western margin of the Arabian Gulf contributing to increased salinity off the coast. This paper presents long term salinity observation made near outfall of Az Zour Power and Desalination Plant in South Kuwait. The salinity values peak at around 50 ppt at observation station located in open gulf around 5 km from the outfall of the power and desalination plant. The observation highlights the stress on the local marine environment continued incremental salinity can impair the marine biodiversity in the area. The study suggests that a stringent post construction and operational offshore water quality assessment can help in early detection of potentially complex environmental issues. 相似文献